ABBREVIATIOS OR FULL FORMS USED IN COMPUTER SCIENCE - SCIENCE TUTOR

July 26, 2017
ABBREVIATIOS OR FULL FORMS USED IN COMPUTER SCIENCE:
1 ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
2 UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer
3 IBM: International Business Machines
4 LSI: Large Scale Integration
5 VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration
6 ALU: Arithmetic & Logic Unit
7 CU: Control Unit
8 CPU: Central Processing Unit
9 ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
10 BIT: Binary Digit
11 I/O: Input/output
12 POST: Power On Self-Test
13 OCR: Optical Character Reader
14 MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader
15 OMR: Optical Mark Reader
16 GUI: Graphical User Interface
17 CUI: Character User Interface
18 CPI: Character Per Inch
19 DPI: Dot Per Inch
20 BPI: Byte Per Inch
21 VDT: Video Display Terminals
22 USB: Universal Serial Bus
23 PS12: Personal System 12
24 PCI: Peripheral Computer Interface
25 COM: Communication
26 MGA: Memo Chrome Graphics Adapter
27 CGA: Color Graphic Adapter
28 EGA: Enhanced Graphic Adapter
29 VGA: Video Graphic Adapter
30 SVGA: Super Video Graphics Adapter
31 CD-RW: Compact Disk – Rewritable
32 EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Voriotele Automatic Computers
33 EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
34 UPS: Uninterrupted Power Supply
35 VIRUS: Vital Information Resource Under Siege
36 ATM: Automatic Tailor Machine
37 E-MAIL: Electronic – Mail
38 BITNET: Because Its Time Networks
39 WYSIWYG: What You See Is What You Gain
40 BASIC: Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instructions Code
41 COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language
42 FORTRAN: Formula Translation
43 TFT: Thin Film Transistor
44 LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
45 VDU: Video Display Unit
46 CRT: Cathode Ray Tube
47 RAM: Random Access Memory
48 ROM: Read Only Memory
49 DTP: Desktop Publishing
50 DOS: Disk Operating System
51 POST: Power On Self-Test
52 BIOS: Basic Input Output System.
53 PCs: Personal Computers
54 HDD: Hard Disk Drive
55 FDD: Floppy Disk Drive
56 CD: Compact Disk
57 WWW: World Wide Web
58 HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language
59 HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
60 IP: Internet Protocol.
61 URL: Uniform Resource Locator
62 ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning.


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ABBREVIATIOS OR FULL FORMS USED IN COMPUTER SCIENCE - SCIENCE TUTOR ABBREVIATIOS OR FULL FORMS USED IN COMPUTER SCIENCE - SCIENCE TUTOR Reviewed by Anoop Kumar Sharma on July 26, 2017 Rating: 5

Goods and Services Tax (GST) - Science Tutor

July 25, 2017
Goods and Services Tax (GST)
Goods and Services Tax is a single tax on goods and services. It has subsumed central indirect taxes like excise duty, countervailing duty and service tax and State indirect taxes like Value added tax, Octree and Entry tax, luxury tax, Purchase tax and Entertainment Tax. Introduction of GST will not affect Direct tax system. Commodities outside GST. The government of India will continue to charge central excise duty on all petroleum & natural gas products, tobacco and opium products. GST on above products will be applicable at a later stage, which will be decided by GST Council. Only alcohol has been kept out of purview of GST. Thus, existing central and state taxes will continue to apply on alcohol. Composition of GST Council.

GST Council has the following composition:
a) Union Minister of Finance as the chairman,
b) Union Minister of State in charge of Finance as member
c) Finance/revenue ministers of each state government as members.

GST Rate
GST rate has not been capped. It has been decided by the GST Council and will be reviewed by the council from time to time. Compensation to states Parliament has agreed to compensate states for any loss of revenues, on account of change in taxation system to GST, for a period of five years. A shift to new taxation system initially reduces the tax compliance among people and thus, in initial years the revenue of state governments may reduce. However, in the long run, GST will lead to increase in revenue of state governments.

Implication of introducing GST
1. As GST is a uniform taxation system applicable throughout the country, GST will create a uniform market across the country and make taxation transparent and hassle-free.
2. GST has subsumed many taxes and thus, GST has made taxation system simple and reduced the cost of complying the taxation system.
3. The earlier system of numerous tax departments hampered inter-department
coordination and made tax evasion possible. GST will drastically increase the tax base and reduce tax evasion.
4. After introduction of GST, most of the goods will be cheaper. The rate of tax under GST is less as compared to the tax rates existing earlier. Infact, the GST rate for essential commodities is 0%
5. The reduction in tax burden will reduce the price of goods, lower the production cost and improve exports. Thus, in the long run, implementation of GST will create a large number of jobs.
6. Services are presently taxed at 15%. The GST rate for most of the services is around 18%. Thus, services are expected to be costlier. Administration of GST. As decided by the GST Council, the tax base will be shared between the assessment
machinery of the Centre and the States. 90:10 formula was agreed upon for dual control of assesses. As per the formula for dual control of assesses, 90 per cent of those with a GST turnover of Rs. 1.5 crore or less will be assessed by the administrative machinery of the States, and 10 per cent by the administrative machinery of the Centre. Those above a turnover of Rs. 1.5 crore would be assessed in the ratio of 50:50 between the Centre and the States. The territorial jurisdiction between the Centre and the States was also decided. As per United Nations Convention on Law of seas (UNCLOS), territorial waters extend upto 200 nautical miles. The states have been given right to tax transactions upto 12 nautical miles.
(1 nautical mile = 1.853 km)

Rate of GST
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) has goods and services categorized under the following slab rates:

No Tax Goods
No tax will be imposed on items like fresh meat, fish chicken, eggs, milk, butter milk, curd, natural honey, fresh fruits and vegetables, flour, besan, bread, prasad, salt, bindi. Sindoor, stamps, judicial papers, printed books, newspapers, bangles, handloom, etc. Services Hotels and lodges with tariff below Rs 1,000, Grandfathering service has been exempted under GST.

5% Tax Goods
Items such as fish fillet, cream, skimmed milk powder, branded paneer, frozen vegetables, coffee, tea, spices, pizza bread, rusk, sabudana, kerosene, coal, medicines, stent, lifeboats will attract tax of 5 %, Services Transport services (Railways, air transport), small restaurants will be under the 5% category because their main input is petroleum products, which is outside GST ambit.

12% Goods
Frozen meat products, butter, cheese, ghee, dry fruits in packaged form, animal fat, sausage, fruit juices, namkeen, Ayurvedic medicines, tooth powder, agarbatti, colouring books, picture books, umbrella, sewing machine, cellphones will be under 12 % tax slab.
Services: Non-AC hotels, business class air ticket, fertilisers, Work Contracts will fall under 12 percent GST tax slab

18% Goods
Most items are under this tax slab which include flavoured refined sugar, pasta, cornflakes, pastries and cakes, preserved vegetables, jams, sauces, soups, ice cream, instant food mixes, mineral water, tissues, envelopes, note books, steel products, printed circuits, camera, speakers and monitors.
Services: AC hotels that serve liquor, telecom services, IT services, branded garments and financial services.

28% Goods
Chewing gum, molasses, chocolate not containing cocoa, pan masala, aerated water, paint, deodorants, shaving creams, after shave, hair shampoo, dye, sunscreen, wallpaper, ceramic tiles, water heater, dishwasher, weighing machine, washing machine, ATM, vending machines, vacuum cleaner, shavers, hair clippers, automobiles, motorcycles, aircraft for personal use, will attract 28 % tax - the highest under GST system.
Services: 5-star hotels, race club betting, cinema will attract tax 28 per cent tax slab under GST

3% Goods
Gold, silver, and diamonds are placed in the category of 3% while rough diamonds would attract a nominal rate of 0.25%. Input Credit under GST Input credit means at the time of paying tax on output, one can deduct the tax already paid on inputs. Let us suppose a service provider delivers services on which the tax payable is 500 and consumes goods and services on which the tax he has already paid is 370.Therefore,
Tax payable on output is Rs 500
Tax paid on input (purchases) is Rs 370
The service provider can claim input credit of Rs 370 and thus, is required to deposit only Rs 130 in taxes.

Conditions for claiming input credit
Input credit can be claimed subject to the following conditions:
1. Supplier has filed GST returns Input credit is only allowed if the supplier has deposited the tax which he has collected from the purchaser. Thus, every input credit which can be claimed shall be matched and validated before it can be claimed.
2. If the tax on purchases is higher than tax on sale, then some input credit will remain unclaimed. In such a case, one is allowed to carry forward or claim a refund.
If tax on inputs » tax on output » carry forward input tax or claim refund
If tax on output » tax on inputs » pay balance
3. No interest is paid on input tax balance by the government
4. Since GST is charged on both goods and services, input credit can be availed on both goods and services.
5. Input tax credit is allowed on capital goods.
6. Input tax credit is not allowed for goods and services for personal use

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Goods and Services Tax (GST) - Science Tutor Goods and Services Tax (GST) - Science Tutor Reviewed by Anoop Kumar Sharma on July 25, 2017 Rating: 5

What is Keyboard, Its Functions, Types of Keyboard & Keys in Keyboards? Explained - Science Tutor

July 22, 2017
What is Keyboard, Its Functions, Types of Keyboard & Keys in Keyboards? Explained - Science Tutor What is Keyboard, Its Functions, Types of Keyboard & Keys in Keyboards? Explained - Science Tutor Reviewed by Anoop Kumar Sharma on July 22, 2017 Rating: 5

Stunning images of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot

July 14, 2017

Stunning images of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot…



NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) solar-powered Juno spacecraft has beamed back a series of images of Jupiter’s iconic Great Red Spot – the most massive storm that has been raging on the solar system’s largest planet for over 350 years. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is 1.3 times as wide as Earth Planet.



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 Source: TheTribune
Stunning images of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot Stunning images of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot Reviewed by Anoop Kumar Sharma on July 14, 2017 Rating: 5

What is Mouse? Types of Mouse. [Science Tutor]

July 10, 2017

Mouse:

    A mouse is a small hand-held box used to position the screen cursor. Wheels or rollers on the bottom of the mouse can be used record the amount and direction of movement. Another method for detecting mouse motion is with an optical sensor. For these system, the mouse is moved over a special mouse pad that has a grid of horizontal and vertical lines.


Types of Mouse:

  • Mechanical Mouse: The mechanical sensors within the mouse detect the direction of the ball and move the screen pointer accordingly.
  • Optical Mouse: It has no mechanical parts rather. It uses laser to detect the movement of the ball.
  • Wi-Fi Mouse: It is just like an optical mouse but, does not require any wire connection with computer.
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What is Mouse? Types of Mouse. [Science Tutor] What is Mouse? Types of Mouse. [Science Tutor] Reviewed by Anoop Kumar Sharma on July 10, 2017 Rating: 5

Some Useful Websties/Links [Science Tutor]

July 09, 2017
Some Useful Websties/Links [Science Tutor] Some Useful Websties/Links [Science Tutor] Reviewed by Anoop Kumar Sharma on July 09, 2017 Rating: 5

What is Google? [Science Tutor]

July 09, 2017
GOOGLE: 

Google is most famous & popular SEARCH ENGINE in modern world. It is developed by two brothers LARRY PAGE & SERGEY BRIN on september4, 1998. First of all the Google is famous and known as BACKRUB.


What is Google? [Science Tutor] What is Google? [Science Tutor] Reviewed by Anoop Kumar Sharma on July 09, 2017 Rating: 5

SOME ABBREVIATION & FULL FORMS USED IN COMPUTER SCIENCE [SCIENCE TUTOR]

July 09, 2017
ABBREVIATIONS
S.NO.
ABBREVIATIOS
FULL FORMS
1
ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator
2
UNIVAC
Universal Automatic Computer
3
IBM
International Business Machines
4
LSI
Large Scale Integration
5
VLSI
Very Large Scale Integration
6
ALU
Arithmetic & Logic Unit
7
CU
Control Unit
8
CPU
Central Processing Unit
9
ASCII
American Standard Code For Information Interchange
10
BIT
Binary Digit
11
I/O
Input/Output
12
POST
Power On Self Test
13
OCR
Optical Character Reader
14
MICR
Magnetic Ink Character Reader
15
OMR
Optical Mark Reader
16
GUI
Graphical User Interface
17
CUI
Character User Interface
18
CPI
Character Per Inch
19
DPI
Dot Per Inch
20
BPI
Byte Per Inch
21
VDT
Video Display Terminals
22
USB
Universal Serial Bus
23
PS12
Personal System 12
24
PCI
Peripheral Computer Interface
25
COM
Communication
26
MGA
Memo Chrome Graphics Adapter
27
CGA
Color Graphic Adapter
28
EGA
Enhanced Graphic Adapter
29
VGA
Video Graphic Adapter
30
SVGA
Super Video Graphics Adapter
31
CD-RW
Compact Disk – Rewritable
32
EDVAC
Electronic Discrete Voriotele Automatic Computers
33
EDSAC
Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
34
UPS
Uninterrupted Power Supply
35
VIRUS
Vital Information Resource Under Siege
36
ATM
Automatic Tailor Machine
37
E-MAIL
Electronic – Mail
38
BITNET
Because Its Time Networks
39
WYSIWYG
What You See Is What You Gain
40
BASIC
Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instructions Code
41
COBOL
Common Business Oriented Language
42
FORTRAN
Formula Translation
43
TFT
Thin Film Transistor
44
LCD
Liquid Crystal  Display
45
VDU
Video Display Unit
46
CRT
Cathode Ray Tube
47
RAM
Random Access Memory
48
ROM
Read Only Memory
49
DTP
Desktop Publishing
50
DOS
Disk Operating System
51
POST
Power On Self Test
52
BIOS
Basic Input Output System.
53
PCs
Personal Computers
54
HDD
Hard Disk Drive
55
FDD
Floppy Disk Drive
56
CD
Compact Disk
57
WWW
World Wide Web
58
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
59
HTTP
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
60
IP
Internet Protocol.
61
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
62
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning.
Created By: Anoop Kumar Sharma (anoopsharma196@gmail.com)

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SOME ABBREVIATION & FULL FORMS USED IN COMPUTER SCIENCE [SCIENCE TUTOR] SOME ABBREVIATION & FULL FORMS USED IN COMPUTER SCIENCE [SCIENCE TUTOR] Reviewed by Anoop Kumar Sharma on July 09, 2017 Rating: 5
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